AGROTECHNOLOGICAL BASES FOR REALIZING THE PRODUCTIVITY POTENTIAL OF WHITE MUSTARD
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32636/agroscience.2026-(5)-3-7Keywords:
white mustard, fertilization, sowing dates, seeding rates, yield, economic efficiencyAbstract
Research conducted during 2021–2025 has substantiated and recommended to the industry the agrotechnological foundations for developing and realizing the productivity potential of white mustard. Based on quantitative and biometric indicators of agrocenosis formation using key elements of cultivation technology—sowing dates, seeding rates, and the calculated-balance method of fertilization – the following increases were achieved compared to the control: the number of pods per plant rose from 43 to 69, seed weight per plant from 1.11 to 1.56 g, and the weight of 1,000 seeds by 0.26–0.47 g, which resulted in an increase in biological yield potential from 0.81 to 1.64 t/ha, or by 0.6–2.2 times, and a yield increase in the variants using mineral and foliar fertilizers by 0.47–1.49 t/ha and 0.14–0.15 t/ha, respectively; from the optimal sowing date to a delayed sowing date of 7–14 days by 0.23–0.56 t/ha; at the most optimal seeding rate of 2.0 million seeds/ha by 0.08–0.12 t/ha compared to the control. Yield losses ranging from 0.17 to 0.36 t/ha at seeding rates of 2.0 and 1.5 million seeds/ha in the variants with programmed fertilizer application of 2.5–3.0 t/ha, against a stable yield of 0.8–1.2 t/ha in the control, indicated limitations in the biological productivity potential of the crop and the available varieties. The relative contribution of factors to yield increase during the study years was as follows: fertilizers 92–97%, including foliar fertilizers 2–4%; sowing dates 55–98%; and seeding rates 2–38%. In the structure of production costs, which increased 2–4 times compared to the control, the cost of fertilizers accounted for 40–65%, fuel and lubricants 12–20%, pesticides 5–8%, seeds 1–2%, and labor costs 10–12%. The obtained yield indicators ensured an increase in net income from fertilization by 16–42%, with a profitability level of 95–114%; for the optimal sowing date, the increase was 25–55% with a profitability of 107%.
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