ОСОБЛИВОСТІ НАГРОМАДЖЕННЯ ВАЖККИХ МЕТАЛІВ У ТКАНИНАХ МЕДОНОСНИХ БДЖІЛ І БДЖОЛИНІЙ ПРОДУКЦІЇ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32636/agroscience.2026-(5)-3-10Ключові слова:
важкі метали, бджоли, навколишнє середовище, рослини, бджолина продукціяАнотація
The relevance of the proposed work is as follows. Sources of heavy metal emissions and the ways in which they enter the environment are diverse, but in general they have a technogenic origin as a result of urbanization and industrialization. Urbanization and industrialization, in particular the activities of industry, agriculture, energy and transport, as well as intensive mining – all this has led to the entry of heavy metals, including highly toxic ones (Lead, Cadmium and Arsenic) into the air, water, soil and plants).
Experimental apiaries of clinically healthy honey bees of the Carpathian breed (Apis mellifera (L) carpatica) were selected on the basis of private apiaries of the mountain (Slavsko village, Stryi district), foothill (Nyzhnia Stynava village, Stryi district) and forest-steppe zones (Myklashiv village, Lviv district) of the Lviv region.
To assess the intensity of technogenic load on the environment where the experimental apiaries of honey bees are located, the content of heavy metals in bee pollen, honey bee tissues, freshly built bee combs (tongues) and natural polyfloral honeys was determined. In addition, in each of the above natural zones of the Carpathian region, in each of the three apiaries in three hives at the beginning of the summer period, the intensity of egg laying of queen bees was studied every twelfth day for 36 days. For this purpose, measuring frames were used.
It was established that in the bee litter, which is the main food for bees, the foothill and forest-steppe zones of the Carpathian region, compared to the conditionally clean mountain zone, there is a higher content of heavy metals. From the above table it is also clear that in the bee litter of the forest-steppe zone of the Carpathian region there is the highest level of the studied heavy metals. At the same time, the content of toxic elements Lead and Cadmium in the bee litter in the above zone is 1.1 times higher than the maximum permissible concentration.
It was also established that the high level of heavy metals in the bee litter is the reason for the increase in their content in bee products. In particular, in freshly built beehives (tongues) of the foothill and especially forest-steppe zones, compared to the relatively clean mountain environment, the content of Lead increases (by 1.52 and 2.24 times, respectively) and Cadmium (by 2.00 and 3.50 times, respectively). At the same time, the concentration of Chromium increases by 1.40 and 1.60 times, respectively
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