Sunflower: current production state and requirements for growing conditions

Abstract

For Ukraine, the sunflower culture is attractive not only in the steppe zone, but is becoming more widespread in the forest-steppe. Due to warming and selection progress, the area of drought-resistant crops is confidently advancing through the territory of Ukraine and is of interest to farmers. Modern cultivation technologies, stable demand for seeds and high market value allow to obtain a high level of profitability. In our country, 90% of vegetable fats are produced from sunflower seeds. Therefore, the importance of this culture in the state food supply is important. Given the economic situation, the agricultural products, in particular sunflower is one of the main directions and an important means of stabilizing the state's economy. Sunflower is the main oil crop in Ukraine, as well as one of the most important oilseeds in the world. Global demand for sunflower oil is projected to grow in the near future, especially in Asia, the America and the Middle East. Ukraine is increasing its presence on the world market of oilseeds. This is facilitated by climate change, the sum of temperatures allows you to grow without restrictions such oilseeds as sunflower, mustard, soybeans of medium and late varieties, and hybrids in the central, western and northern regions of the country. It should be noted that in 2021 Ukraine was a world leader in the production and export of sunflower oil and occupies a significant place in world production. In 2021, 6.4 million hectares were sown with sunflower, the yield increased by 22.3%. Sunflower oil accounts for 98% of total oil production in Ukraine