SEED PRODUCTIVITY OF OILSEED RADISH VARIETIES DEPENDING ON THE APPLICATION RATES OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32636/agroscience.2024-(3)-2-1Keywords:
oilseed radish, variety, mineral fertilizers, leaf surface area, net photosynthetic productivity, plant structure, yieldAbstract
Mineral fertilizers are considered as a stress-regulating factor and are evaluated in the format of a stimulant guaranteeing different life classes of vitamins and idiotypes, aspects of which are new in the practice of technology development. Crops characterized by a high degree of modification variability during the reproductive process are very sensitive to changes in technology. This affects the formation of seeds with different parameters of sowing qualities. Oilseed radish belongs to such cultivated plant species. The production of different quality seeds of this crop can be reduced by a fertilization system, which constitutes a scientific novelty in both theoretical and practical significance.
The article presents the results of research conducted in the department of seed production and seed science of the Institute of Agriculture of the Carpathian region of the NAAS on gray forestal surface gleyed soils of the Western Forest-Steppe zone for 2021–2023.
In the soil and climatic conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe with sufficient precipitation and low natural soil fertility, oil radish is a valuable forage and green manure crop. Agricultural production is offered a number of varieties created in different soil and climatic zones, which differ in morphological characteristics and economic properties. The study of their response to specific growing conditions and the nutritional system has important theoretical and practical significance and makes it possible to determine among them the most productive ones for the production of a sufficient number of basic seeds in order to expand the acreage in the region.
On gray forestal surface-gleyed soils of the Carpathian region, an increase in the application rates of mineral fertilizers for oilseed radish from N30P30К35 to N30P90К100 did not have a significant effect on the field germination of sown seeds and significantly influenced the interphase periods. Under their influence, the leaf surface area of plants increased by 3.7–7.2 thousand m2/ha, and the net productivity of photosynthesis increased by 1.21–1.99 g/m2 per day.
Increasing the application rates of mineral fertilizers improved plant nutrition, which had a positive effect on structural indicators, ensuring higher productivity. At application rates of N30P90К100 and fertilizing with ammonium nitrate – 50 kg/ha in macrostage I, development phase – ВВСН 14–16 (4–6 leaves) + N30 kg/ha (development phase ВВСН 52–53, peduncle of the main shoot) control yield increase (without fertilizers) was 2.26 t/ha
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