ASSESSMENT OF POTATO VARIETIES' RESISTANCE TO DROUGHT IN THE EARLY STAGES OF CROP ACCUMULATION IN POLISSIA OF UKRAINE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32636/agroscience.2024-(3)-3-2Keywords:
Solanum tuberosum, variety, stress, drought resistance coefficient, biplot analysis, drought resistance indices, dynamics of yield accumulation, correlation dependenceAbstract
As part of a scientific study, 23 potato varieties were analyzed for drought resistance in the central part of Polissia, Ukraine, based on changes in the relative water content of leaves during the budding and flowering phases of the crop. Tuber yields were taken into account in the early surveys. The dynamics of changes were observed during the early stages of the experiment in the field. During the four years of the study, three years with seasonal droughts were recorded, which were characterized by very dry to slightly dry periods, which was critical for the formation and accumulation of crops. In different years of study, potato varieties with high drought tolerance coefficient at 60th and 75th days after planting were identified, in particular: Radomysl, Serpanok, Vyhoda, Avanhard, Nahoda, Fanatka, Opillia, Bazaliia, Charunka, Dzhavelina, Lietana, Oleksandryt and Rostavytsia. During the correlation analysis between the first and second measurements of the drought tolerance coefficient in potato genotypes, a positive, but weak and medium correlation dependence was found (r=0.041–0.418). The use of a ranking system to identify drought tolerance indices allowed identifying potato genotypes with the best average value. In the 2020–2021 season, varieties: Alians, Mezhyrichka 11, and Levada; in the 2022–2023 season – Radomysl, Svitana, Avanhard, Opillia, Fanatka, Vzirets and Lietana. According to the results of the biplot analysis, it was found that potato varieties Radomysl, Nahoroda, Bazaliia, Tyras, Mezhyrichka 11, and Lietana in the period 2021–2022 and Radomysl, Avanhard, Opillia, Svitana and Fanatka in the following season were characterized by higher yields under drought conditions. The factor analysis method revealed genotypes that showed a significant increase in tuber yield only under conditions of optimal moisture supply. In the first season, the yields of Tyras, Levada, Nahoroda, Mezhyrichka 11, and Lietana increased, and in the second season, the yields of Vyhoda, Mezhyrichka 11, Alians, Ivankivska rannia, Sontsedar and Rostavytsia increased. As a result of laboratory and field studies and statistical research on the resistance of potato varieties to seasonal droughts during the early formation and accumulation of tuber yield in the central part of Polissia of Ukraine, it was found that certain potato genotypes have high drought resistance. The results of the research allowed identifying environmentally sustainable sources of stress. The relevance of the work is to identify potato varieties with a high positive response to the negative agroclimatic factors of the region with early dynamic accumulation of yield and the ability to restore water balance in plants under drought conditions quickly
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Copyright (c) 2024 Nataliia PYSARENKO, Mykola FURDYHA, Nataliia ZAKHARCHUK, Tetiana OLIINYK (Author)
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