Influence of extra-root application of micro fertilizers on the yield of oil radish seeds in the Carpathian region

Abstract

An effective means of increasing the yield of oilseed radish are fertilizers as the most active and fast-acting factor. A rational fertilization system, which foresees modern forms of macro- and microfertilizers in the main and foliar nutrition of crop plants, is an important and urgent problem in cultivation technology and requires a scientific and experimental solution. Oilseed radish responds positively to nutrients in a wide range of application rates, since to form 1 ton of dry matter it uses 35–40 kg of nitrogen, 12–19 kg of phosphorus, 4850 kg of potassium, 16–20 kg of calcium. The results of research obtained in the Department of Seed Production and Seed Science of the Institute of Agriculture of the Carpathian Region of the NAAS in 2021–2023 are presented. It was established that on gray forestal surface-gleyed soils of the Carpathian region with low natural fertility, the use of microfertilizers on oilseed radish leaves was an effective measure of influence on growth and productive processes, fully providing them with the necessary nutrients during critical phases of growth and development. Microfertilizers Orakul multicomplex, Yara Vita Reksolin, Intermah-legumes were quickly and productively absorbed by plants, increasing the synthesis of organic matter. When they were used, the leaf surface area increased by 6.8–14.6 %, and the net productivity of photosynthesis increased by 22.2–36.1 %. An increase in the supply of nutrients to plants through the root system and leaves improved the conditions for the formation of generative organs, which ensured high productivity potential. The seed yield of oilseed radish varieties compared to the control (without foliar fertilizing with microfertilizers) increased by 0.38 t/ha when using Orakul multicomplex (2.0 l/ha) and Intermah-oil crops (2.0 l/ha) and by 0.46 t/ha – with Yara Vita Rexolin (2.0 kg/ha). The seed productivity of the Fakel variety was higher by 0.05–0.18 t/ha compared to the Zhuravka variety.