The formation of winter wheat yield in the conditions of growing by No-till technology

Abstract

Currently, the global agricultural sector is actively implementing the abandonment of traditional plowing in favor of gentle farming methods. Such a step is driven not so much by the desire to instantly save on resources or energy, but by a fundamental task: to revive the potential of the earth. The priority is to create conditions for the natural regeneration of humus and preserve the vitality of soils in the long term. As a result of experimental research, the peculiarities of the formation of the yield of winter wheat of the RZhT Reform variety in No-till technology were revealed, depending on the weather conditions of the year and sowing methods with row spacings of 17, 25 and 35 cm. As a result of treatment of crops with the herbicide Laplas (0.05 kg/ha), the number of segetal vegetation during the harvest period decreased when sowing with row spacings of 17 and 25 cm within 1.9‒2.6 times, and with a width of 35 cm ‒ within 1.7‒1.8 times. The difference in the number of weeds and their air-dry mass in the variant with the expansion of row spacing to 35 cm in the phase of full grain ripening compared to row spacings of 17 and 25 cm was 9.6‒16.6 pcs./m² and 7.5‒8.8 g/m², respectively, in favor of the latter. The maximum yield of winter wheat was formed when sowing winter wheat with a row spacing of 25 cm, it was 7.1–8.5 t/ha. Further increase in the width to 35 cm led to a decrease in the yield of winter wheat on average for 2023‒2025 by 0.6 t/ha. The data obtained on the specifics of crop development under the influence of climatic factors and different approaches to sowing in the No-till system should become the basis for creating adaptive agrotechnical strategies. The results of the observations must be implemented into production standards for growing winter wheat, which are being developed specifically for the agroclimatic zone of the Western Forest-Steppe.