Features of growth and development of Matricaria chamomilla L. plants depending on the autumn sowing period in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Abstract

Agrotechnical measures during the cultivation of Matricaria chamomilla L. plants by the conveyor production of medicinal raw materials were aimed at accelerating the processes of growth and development, taking into account the weather and climatic conditions, technological techniques and the biology of the studied culture, which turned out to be one of the most important urgent tasks of scientific, in-depth study of them. When sowing at different times, the plants were in different conditions of the external environment, depended on soil and climatic conditions, which led to fluctuations in the phases of vegetation, so the question arose about the study of agrotechnical methods aimed at increasing the productivity of medicinal raw materials. It was established that in the area of Matricaria chamomilla L. cultivation, the supply of crops with heat and moisture during the autumn vegetation is an important factor that affects the growth and development of plants, the passage of the phases of organogenesis and contributes to their hardening. The research was carried out using the Perlyna Lisostepu and Zloty Lan of Matricaria chamomilla L. varieties in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The data of experimental studies (2018‒2022) on Matricaria chamomilla L. varieties are presented, their environmental stability is studied, medicinal raw materials and prospects for use are evaluated. It was confirmed that under the best option of the autumn sowing period, Matricaria chamomilla L. plants of the variety Perlyna Lisostepu entered the rosette phase and overwintered, which is typical for the agrotechnological features of winter crops. This period was from 185 to 225 days, however, in the control, during the spring period, this indicator varied from 45 to 54 days at the optimal rate of seed sowing according to experimental studies, with a seeding rate of 0.006 thousand of seeds/ha according to five-year indicators. The length of the period from mass germination of seeds of Matricaria chamomilla L. of the Zloty Lan variety to the first cutting was 207 days during the autumn sowing period, which is 157 days earlier than in the control, which occurred averagely on 50th day by the spring sowing period. The difference between the varieties was up to 2 % because the two researched varieties are tetraploids, and therefore occupy a proper place in the list of the State Register of plants suitable for cultivation in Ukraine and Poland. On average, over the years of research, the largest number of inflorescences was noted on 25.05, in this period the number of inflorescences on the best option was 14.3 pieces. The intensity of growth and development continued until the second half of June, which made it possible to conduct up to three cuttings during the growing season.