Sources of resistance to seed weevils (Bruchus ssp.)of collection samples of forage beans (Vicia faba L.)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32636/01308521.2023-(74)-2-5Keywords:
fodder beans (Vicia faba L.), resistance to seed weevil (Bruchus spp.), seed damage, sources of symptoms, correlation dependenceAbstract
Seed weevils (Bruchus spp.) are major pests of beans, causing yield losses and poor marketability. In fodder beans (Vicia faba L.), no completely resistant samples have yet been found. Thus, screening of germplasm collections with genetic diversity is necessary to successfully identify sources of resistance. In this work, we screened a collection of fodder bean germplasm to identify sources of resistance to seed weevils.
Sources resistant to bruchus seed damage (up to 25 %) were identified, in particular samples: IZТ 00367 Peremozhets (12 %); IZТ 00353 Vizyr (8 %); IZТ 00275 Maria (20 %); IZТ 00350 Krapphauser Acker tohne (11 %); IZТ 00294 WBR 3 (18 %); IZТ 00344 Horse bean (13 %); IZТ 00242, ILB 1266 (17 %); IZТ 00259 ‒ local sample from Ukraine (20 %); IZТ 00273 ‒ local sample from Ukraine (25 %). It was shown that no genotype showed complete resistance, therefore selective accumulation of resistance genes, which provide and form various resistance mechanisms, is important.
The above samples can be used as starting material in bean breeding programs to create resistant varieties, which will make them more attractive and suitable for sustainable agriculture with limited use of pesticides.
Since it is known that bruchus larvae infect beans and seeds in the early stages of their development, which can affect seed formation and yield, we conducted a correlation analysis of the relationship between the degree of seed damage at the stage of emergence of bruchids from the seed and seed yield and its structure.
It was established that the correlation dependence is medium and inverse between seed damage and the number of beans (r = -0.69) as well as between seed damage and the number of seeds on plants (r = -0.64), weak and inverse between the level of seed damage and the weight of seeds per plant (r = -0.13) and seed yield (r = -20). It is assumed that the selection of sources of samples with high seed yield and the selection of fodder beans for high yield should have a positive effect on limiting the level of bruchid damage in new varieties.
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