Formation of yield of white mustard seedsdepending on the level of mineral nutrition of plants

Abstract

Providing white mustard plants with nutrients during the
vegetation is a mandatory technological agro-measure that contributes
to obtaining a high yield with a high-quality seeds. The fertilizer system
is based on the knowledge of biological characteristics of the variety
and the soil- climatic conditions of the growing area. With an optimal
level of mineral nutrition of plants with phosphorus-potassium
fertilizers, a well-developed root system is formed, while nitrogen
fertilizers are more necessary to enhance growth processes.
The article reflects the results of research on the formation of the
yield of white mustard seeds of the following varieties: Ariadna
(originator – Precarpathian State Agricultural Experimental Station of
the Institute of Agriculture of the Carpathian Region of the NAAS) and
Bila Pryncesa (National Scientific Center “Institute of Agriculture of
the NAAS”).
The research was carried out during 2021–2023 on gray forestal
surface-gleyed soils of the Institute of Agriculture of the Carpathian
region of the NAAS.
It was established that the application rates of mineral fertilizers
did not have a significant effect on the field germination of white
mustard seeds. The vegetation period of the varieties depended both on
their biological characteristics and the rates of application of mineral
fertilizers. They influenced the duration of the stages of plant
organogenesis, lengthening them until seed formation and shortening
them until full ripeness. An increase in the rates of application of
mineral fertilizers from N30P30К35 + N30 (ВВСН 14–16) to N30P90К100 +
N50 (ВВСН 14–16) + N30 (ВВСН 52–53) ensured an increase in leaf
surface area by 3.1–5.6 thousand m2
/ha and net photosynthetic
productivity by 0.30–0.53 g/m2 per day. The highest increase in seed
yield compared to the control (without fertilizers) – 2.46 t/ha was
provided by the rate of application of mineral fertilizers N30P90K100 +
N50 (ВВСН 14–16) + N30 (ВВСН 52–53) due to a 1.85 g higher mass
1000 seeds. The seed productivity of the Bila Pryncesa and Ariadna
varieties was equivalent, the differences in yield were within the error.