FORMATION OF THE ADAPTIVE POTENTIAL OF TRITICALE (WINTER) VARIETIES UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF METEOROLOGICAL FACTORS AND NORMS OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32636/agroscience.2026-(5)-2-1Keywords:
triticale (winter), variety, mineral fertilizers, meteorological factors, field germination of seeds, morphological indicators, sugar content, plant overwinteringAbstract
Global climatic transformations of recent decades, accompanied by sharp fluctuations in agrometeorological indicators, oblige producers to search for varieties with a high level of ecological plasticity and stability of the realization of genetic potential. It should be noted that in world practice there are no universal varieties capable of demonstrating the same results under different types of soils, fertility levels or agrotechnical models, since the microclimatic and technological conditions of each individual farm are specific. The article presents an assessment of the adaptive potential of triticale (winter) varieties created by various scientific institutions in the conditions of soil and climatic features of the Western Forest-Steppe. It was found that the formation of crops largely depended on hydrothermal conditions: under the optimal regime in 2024 (average daily temperature 15.9 °C and 36.4 mm of precipitation), shoots appeared on the 9-th day, and field germination reached a maximum (95.1–95.6 %) with the application of N30P90K90.
Mineral nutrition was a key factor in activating autumn growth, providing an increase in biomass by 41–63 %, the development of the root system by 85–90 %, as well as an increase in the number of shoots and leaves by 30–52 %. More favorable weather conditions in 2024 contributed to the formation of plants that were 10–15% more powerful than in 2025. The Bozhych variety was characterized by high adaptability to a reduced agronomic background and a more intensive growth of vegetative mass. At the same time, under conditions of increased mineral nutrition (N30P90K90), the morphological indicators of all studied varieties were leveled, which indicates the full realization of their genetic potential under intensive cultivation technology.
Optimization of the nutrition system contributed to the maximum accumulation of sugars (by 5.8–6.5 % more compared to the control without fertilizers) and provided the highest level of plant overwintering (94.0–95.1 %). The Pudik variety confirmed its role as a standard, demonstrating the highest ability to accumulate protective substances and winter hardiness, statistically exceeding other varieties by 0.5–1.8 %.
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