PATTERNS OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVITY OF WINTER WHEAT AS AFFECTED BY MINERAL FERTILIZATION AND BIOLOGIZATION PRACTICES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32636/agroscience.2026-(5)-3-8Keywords:
winter wheat, photosynthetic activity, leaf area, chlorophyll, photosynthetic potential, net photosynthesis productivity, mineral fertilization, retardants, varietyAbstract
The results of a five-year study (2020–2024) on the photosynthetic activity of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) as affected by mineral fertilization level, varietal characteristics, the application of growth retardants, and plant protection systems on a typical low-humus medium-loamy chernozem in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine are presented. The full-factorial experiment comprised 36 treatments combining three varieties (‘Lehenda Bilotserkivska’, ‘Manera Odeska’, and ‘Vozdvyzhenka’), three fertilization levels (N₆₀P₄₀K₄₀, N₁₂₀P₆₀K₆₀, and N₁₈₀P₉₀K₉₀ supplemented with micronutrients), two plant protection systems (chemical and biological, the latter based on TAEGRO), and two growth retardants (Quantum-Aquasil and MODDUS 250 EC). Mineral fertilization had the strongest effect on leaf area and photosynthetic potential, increasing these parameters by 35 and 37%, respectively, while exerting only a minor influence on net photosynthetic productivity (+1.3%). Two pathways for enhancing photosynthetic productivity were identified: an extensive pathway, associated with fertilization and an increase in leaf area and photosynthetic potential, and an intensive pathway, associated with varietal characteristics and growth-retardant application, which increased net photosynthetic productivity. The maximum leaf area reached 41.0 ± 3.8 thousand m²/ha at the heading stage. The variety ‘Vozdvyzhenka’ exhibited the highest net photosynthetic productivity (5.32 g/m² per day), whereas ‘Lehenda Bilotserkivska’ had the highest photosynthetic potential (3.18 million m²·days/ha). MODDUS 250 EC increased net photosynthetic productivity by 3.6% despite reducing leaf area by 5%.
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