Prospects for the use of seed mordants to control the number of phytoparasitic nematodes on winter wheat
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32636/01308521.2022-(72)-1-3Keywords:
winter wheat, parasitic nematodes' complex, nematodes monitoring, phytohelminths' number controlAbstract
According to the results of the study of the effect of non-specific seed disinfectants on the complex of worm-like phytoparasitic nematodes, it was found that the antinematous effectiveness of most of the studied drugs is high: at the level of 57 to 95%. "Rancona I-Mix" (active substance (a. s.) ipconazole, imasalil)
(1.0 l/t) and "Vitavax 200 FF" (a. s. carboxin, thiram) (3.0 l/t) were the best – the effectiveness against the complex of phytoparasitic nematodes was 79 and 76%, respectively. Preparations "Maxym Forte" (a. s. fludioxonil, tebuconazole, azoxystrobin) (2.0 l/t), "Kinto duo" (a. s.) triticonazole, prochloraz) (2.5 l/t) and "Lamardor pro" (a. s.) prothioconazole, tebuconazole, fluopyram) (0.6 l/t) showed slightly lower efficacy – 62–69%. The effectiveness of the studied drugs was high (over 70-80%) in large nematode populations and decreased significantly under conditions when their number was low due to adverse natural factors. Although in adverse weather conditions the threshold of phytoparasitic nematodes decreases, in low populations these pathogens do not significantly reduce crop yields. Therefore, reducing the anti-nematode effectiveness of drugs in this case is not dangerous. A particularly valuable feature of these drugs is that they effectively reduce the number of all types of parasitic nematodes, rather than one or two, as the number and dominance status of each species varies depending on the type of agrocenosis, precursor, soil, climate and weather conditions. That ensures the universality of their use. The effectiveness of preparation "Scenic" (a. s. fluoxastrobin, prothioconazole, tebuconazole) (1.6 l/t) and plant growth regulator "Atonic plus" (a. s. 5-sodium nitrogaicolate, sodium orthonitrophenolate, sodium paranitrophenolate) (0.2 l/t) is weak (only 10 and 22%, respectively).
The use of pesticides with complex action provides a reduction in the number of parasitic nematodes by 50–95% with effective action on fungal pathogens and the number of soil pests. This measure allows to protect winter wheat from parasitic nematodes without additional material costs and decrease the pesticide load.
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