Yield capacity of common (grain) bean domestic varieties in condition of Western Forest-Steppe southern part

Abstract

The intensification of common bean plants growth and development processes is due to the influence of ecologic, edaphic, and biotic factors; nevertheless, the dominating role belongs to the variety and growing technology. In order to determine the most adapted and productive varieties for conditions of western Forest-Steppe southern part, field trials have been carried out on experimental field of Bukovinian state agricultural research station of NAAS. The research subject is a production process of forming common bean grain yield. The research objects are the varieties of common bean: Bukovinka, Galactyka, Slavia, Ros’, Otrada, and Nata.

In our research, field seed germination has been changing depending on a year condition and bean varietal peculiarities. It was the highest in 2018 – 81,3% (80,2‒82,2%), due to favorable weather conditions. In 2019 field seed germination slightly decreased and averaged 78,5%. If in 2018 there was no big difference in field germination between varieties, then in 2019 the variety Galactyka by field germination was significantly lower compared to other varieties and made 71,8%. The variety Nata field germination was the highest in 2019 and made 81,6%. Averagely for years of research, the highest field seed germination has been noted on the varieties Otrada, Nata, and Bukovinka, and the lowest – on the variety Galactyka.

Bean plants density in the phase of full germination has been determined by field germination level, and varied depending on variety characteristics. Thus, on control (variety Bukovinka) at the full germination time, there were 364,8 thous. plants/hа. On the variant with the variety Galactyka, bean density was the lowest and made 342 thous. plants/hа. The highest seedling density was shown on the varieties Otrada and Nata, and made 367 – and 365,2 thous. plants/hа respectively.

Common bean plants survival depended also on a year condition and variety characteristics. Thus, a slightly higher bean plants survival rate was in 2018 compared to 2019. Averagely for two years of research, the variety Bukovinka (control) plants survival has made 96,5%. The least indicator of bean plants survival during the vegetation period has been on the variety Slavia (93,6%). Bean plants of the variety Nata were the most adapted to unfavorable conditions in the vegetation period compared to other researched varieties. This is shown by the plants survival indicator (96% averagely) for years of research.

We have established, that in 2018 the productivity of all the researched common bean varieties was high. So, the control variety Bukovinka made 2,46 t/hа. The varieties Galactyka and Slavia with the yield respectively 2,33 and 2,28 t/hа were significantly inferior to the control variant. The most productive were the varieties Otrada and Nata (2,67 and 2,65 t/hа, respectively). Also in 2018, the variety Bukovinka was significantly dominated by the variety Ros’. But already in 2019 there was no credible difference in grain yield established between the varieties Ros’ and Bukovinka. In 2019 the productivity of all researched bean varieties significantly decreased, compared to 2018. Thus, on control (variety Bukovinka) the yield made 1,89 t/hа. The yield of the variety Slavia decreased to 1,60 t/hа, and the less productive in 2019 proved to be the variety Galactyka with grain yield 1,57 t/hа. The most productive in 2019 were the bean varieties Otrada and Nata. In average for two years of research, the yield of bean grain on control (variety Bukovinka) made 2,18 t/hа. The yield of varieties Slavia and Galactyka  was lower and made 1,94 and 1,95 t/hа respectively. The highest grain yield was on bean varieties Ros’ and Nata – 2,28 and 2,37 t/ha respectively. And the most productive in the research proved to be  the variety Otrada, which provided grain yield  2,44 t/hа.