The influence of the complex application of poisons, growth stimulants and microfertilizers for pre-sowing seed treatment on root rot affection and productivity of winter wheat

Abstract

In Ukraine, the area of winter wheat crops affected by root rot, the prevalence of which, according to researchers, can reach 80 %, has increased significantly.

The results of research on the effectiveness of the complex application of poisons, growth stimulants and various microfertilizers against root rot of winter wheat and its productivity in the conditions of Lviv Oblast are presented.

The following poisons and tank mixtures were studied: Vitavax 200 FF, v.s.k. (3.0 l/t), Vitavaks 200 FF, v.s.k. + Vympel K + Orakul seeds (3.0 + 0.5 + 1.0) l/t, Vitavaks 200 FF, v.s.k. + Vympel K + Orakul kolofermin Zn (3.0 + 0.5 + 1.0) l/t, Vitavaks 200 FF, v.s.k. + Vympel K + Orakul kolofermin P (3.0 + 0.5 +
1.0) l/t.

The sowing quality of winter wheat seeds treated with a tank mixture of a poison, a growth stimulator and microfertilizers was better, compared to the control and the option where the seeds were treated only with a poison. Thus, the laboratory germination of winter wheat seeds on variants with a tank mixture of a poison, a growth stimulator and microfertilizers was within 94.3–95.0 % (on control 88.3 %), field germination was within 90.3–92.0 % (on control – 80.7 %), germination
energy – within 93.3–94.0 % (on control – 88.3 %), plant density – within 405.7‒409.7 pcs./m² (on control ‒ 363.7 pcs./m²).

The development of root rot on winter wheat plants in the tillering phase on average for 2020–2022 was as follows: in control (untreated seeds) – 11.0 %; in the version where the seeds were treated with the poison Vitavax 200 FF, v.s.k.
(3.0 l/t) ‒1.0 %; in the version where the seeds were treated with Vitavax 200 FF, v.s.k. + Vympel K + Orakul seed (3.0 + 0.5 + 1.0) l/t – 0.6 %; in the version where the seeds are treated with Vitavax 200 FF, v.s.k. + Vympel K + Orakul kolofermin Zn (3.0 + 0.5+ 1.0) l/t – 0.3 %; in the version where the seeds were treated with Vitavax 200 FF, v.s.k. + Vympel K + Orakul kolofermin P (3.0 + 0.5 + 1.0) l/t –
0 %.

The technical efficiency of the poison and tank mixtures of poisons, stimulators and microfertilizers for pre-sowing seed treatment against root rot of winter wheat in this phase was respectively 91.0; 94.3; 96.7 and 100 percent.

The development of root rots on winter wheat plants in the tillering phase on average for 2020–2022 was as follows: in the control (untreated seeds) – 73.0 %; in the version where the seeds were treated with the poison Vitavax 200 FF, v.s.k.
(3.0 l/t) – 27.3 %; in the version where the seeds were treated with Vitavax 200 FF, v.s.k. + Vympel K + Orakul seeds (3.0 + 0.5 + 1.0 ) l/t – 25.6 %; in the version where the seeds were treated with Vitavax 200 FF, v.s.k. + Vympel K + Orakul kolofermin Zn (3.0 + 0.5 + 1.0) l/t – 25.3 %; in the version where the seeds were treated with Vitavax 200 FF, v.s.k. + Vympel K + Orakul kolofermin P (3.0 + 0.5 + 1.0) l/t – 23.7 %.

The technical efficiency of the poison and tank mixtures of poisons, stimulators and microfertilizers for pre-sowing seed treatment against root rot of winter wheat in this phase was respectively 62.7; 65.1; 65.5 and 67.6 percent.

As a result of the healing effect of poisons and tank mixtures of poisons, stimulators and microfertilizers, the yield of winter wheat increased by 0.63–
0.86 t/ha during the years of research (2020–2022), in particular when using: the poison Vitavaks 200 FF, v. s.k. (3.0 l/t) ‒ 0.63 t/ha, weight of 1000 seeds ‒ 41.9 g (in the control ‒ 38.4 g); tank mixture Vitavax 200 FF, v.s.k. + Vympel K + Orakul seeds (3.0 + 0.5 + 1.0) l/t – 0.7 t/ha, weight of 1000 seeds – 42.1 g; tank mixture Vitavax 200 FF, v.s.k. + Vympel K + Orakul kolofermin Zn (3.0 + 0.5 + 1.0) l/t –
0.75 t/ha, weight of 1000 seeds – 42.2 g; tank mixture Vitavax 200 FF, v.s.k. + Vympel K + Orakul kolofermin P (3.0 + 0.5 + 1.0) l/t ‒ 0.86 t/ha, weight of 1000
seeds ‒ 42.4 g.