Influence of elements of cultivation technology on weediness and yield of winter wheat in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe

Abstract

• Weeds are a factor that significantly reduces yield, worsens product quality, promotes the spread of pests and diseases. Biopreparations increase the competitiveness of crops, so the issue of their impact on productivity and weediness requires research, because the fight against weeds in ecological farming systems remains quite difficult. The purpose of the research is to determine the impact of the use of a biological preparation of multifunctional action and a biodestructor of plant residues with different fertilization backgrounds on the level of weediness and the yield of winter wheat crops in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe. The impact on the level of weediness and yield of winter wheat of the application of a mineral background with N₉₀Р₆₀K₆₀ was determined, which contributed to an increase in the density of productive stems with a coefficient of productive tillering of 1.88 compared to 1.70 stems per plant on a background without fertilizers, an increase in the weight of the ear of grain by 14 % and yield by 31 %, decrease by 11% in the number of weeds during vegetation recovery and by 9 % in their weight during harvesting. The influence of the biological preparation of multifunctional action and the biodestructor of plant residues on the increase in the density of productive stems with the coefficient of productive bushing of 1.72–1.76 relative to 1.70 stems per plant on the background without fertilizers and from 1.90–1.92 relative to 1.88 stems was noted per plant on a mineral background, a corresponding increase in the mass of grain from one ear by 3–7 and 5–8% and crop yield by 8–17 and 9–15 %, a decrease by 11–13 and 15–18 % in the number of weeds in the time of vegetation recovery and by 9–17 and 9–18 % of their mass at the time of harvesting. Thus, the obtained results indicate that іn the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe, the use of a biological preparation with multifunctional action and a biodestructor of plant residues in the studied agrocenoses had an effect on the increase in the yield of winter wheat by 8–17 % on the background without fertilizers and by 9–15 % on the mineral background with N₉₀Р₆₀К₆₀, as well as on the corresponding decrease over in time restoration of vegetation by 11–13 and 15–18 % of the number and 9–17 and 9–18 % of the mass of weeds at the time of harvesting. The specified ecologically safe elements can be used to improve the technology of growing winter wheat.