Optimization of winter rapeseed cultivation technology elements in the conditions of Right-Bank Forest-Steppe

Abstract

The versatile use of winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) encourages the search for ways to enhance productivity and optimize cultivation technology in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. This article presents research results conducted at “Podillia Plus” LLC in the Shepetivka district of Khmelnytskyi region from 2022 to 2024. The research aimed to study the peculiarities of yield formation and seed quality of winter rapeseed The following research methods were used during the scientific experiment: field, laboratory, comparative-calculation and statistical methods (variance and correlation analysis). The study established high productivity of winter rapeseed depending on the hydrothermal conditions of the vegetation period, selection of modern hybrids, fertilization with macro- and micronutrients and fungicide spraying. The 2021/2022 growing season was the most favorable for seed yield formation, with InVigor 1030 hybrid producing 4.75 t/ha of seeds, Exception hybrid – 4.91 t/ha, and the lowest yield observed in Mercedes hybrid – 4.58 t/ha of seeds. The average yield in the N₁₄₀P₄₀K₄₀ (background) + Brassitrel Pro variant with fungicide Pictor spraying (applied during flowering, BBCH 65) was 4.47 t/ha (InVigor 1030) and 4.51 t/ha (Exception). The average plant density in this variant, depending on the studied factors, ranged from 41.1 to 41.7 plants/m². Plants of the InVigor 1030 hybrid formed 453.5 pods per plant in the N₁₄₀P₄₀K₄₀ + Brassitrel Pro + Pictor treatment variant, Exception hybrid had 458.1 pods, and Mercedes formed 442.4 pods. The highest 1000-seed weight was recorded in the Exception hybrid, ranging from 6.19 g to 6.42 g in the Pictor-sprayed fertilized variants.