Productivity of the Simmental combined milk-meat breed cows in Carpathian region

Abstract

Scientific-economical experiment on animals of Simmental cattle combined (dairy-meat) breed carried out in LLC «Litynske». The aim of our research was to conduct a retrospective analysis and study of a milk productivity in cows.The genealogical structure of the herd in LLC «Litynske» is represented by three lines. To improve the genealogical structure of the herd, selected cows and heifers of mating age in the period from 2017 to 2020 were inseminated with purebred elite bulls, in particular: Imago 9727 (Redad’s line 711620016,77), Wikht 75771 (Horror’s line 809706945,79) of German breeding and Obrii 938 (Streif’s line 120081,78) of Austrian breeding. The largest part of the herd is represented by the daughters of the bull Imago 9727 (Redad’s line 711620016.77), its share according to the studied years was 57,4–64,8 %. From all rated livestock according to the studied years, the class elite and elite-record match 59,1 % (2017), 66,7 % (2018), 73,7 % (2019) and 80,7 % (2020).Taking into account the individual characteristics, best representatives of the type were selected into a reproductive group. The percentage composition of reproductive nucleus for a number of years ranged from 58,3 to 68,5 %. Such ratio of reproductive nucleus to the general herd provides a high selection differential and qualitative improvement of the main herd as a result of selection. It should be noted that there is a tendency to increase the percentage of animals of the reproductive nucleus with each passing year, which is explained by the increase in the class of animals.The milk productivity of cows was studied. According to the results of animal evaluation, there was an increase in productivity in the period from 2017 to 2020. Analysis of milk productivity of the studied cows by lactation showed high milk productivity during the first lactation (4516–4969 kg) in this farm. Before the third and older lactation there is a significant increase in milk yield by 21,6–34,3 % (5491–6674 kg).According to the latest data on the assessment of milk productivity in the farm «Litynske» there are: 8 cows with milk yield 4000–5000 kg, 19 cows with 5000–6000 kg, 73 cows with 6000–7000 kg, 5 cows with 7000–8000 and 1 cow – more than 8000 kg.The use of purebred elite bulls of foreign selection in the genetic process allows to significantly increase the genetic potential and productivity of the herd.