Increasing the yield and sowing qualities of winter rapeseed depending on the use of insecticides in the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Abstract

Rapeseed remains an attractive market crop in Ukraine, for which demand is constantly growing. Therefore, increasing yields and product quality is one of the topical issues. The increase in the gross yield of this crop should occur not by expanding the sown area, but by scientifically substantiating the processes of forming the productivity of genotypes under the influence of the regional distribution of crops, weather factors and agricultural technologies.

The decisive condition for increasing the productivity of winter rapeseed crops is the observance of all agrotechnical methods in combination with agrometeorological factors. A particularly important place in intensive cultivation technologies is occupied by the protection of plants from pests.

Experimental data of scientific research carried out in the laboratory of seed science for 2019-2020 are presented. It was studied the effectiveness of the use of insecticides on the formation of the yield and sowing qualities of winter rapeseed varieties of various originator institutions. Namely: Smaragt (Prykarpathian DSDS of the Institute of Agriculture Carpathian Region of the NAAS), Pegas (NSC "Institute of Agriculture of the NAAS"), Solo (Vinnytsia SDS of the Institute of Feed and Agriculture of Podillia NAAS), Stilutsa (Institute of Oilseeds NAAS).

It has been established that in the fight against the flower beetle, the spread of which depends on the weather conditions prevailing in the budding-flowering phase, insecticides introduced in this period play an important role. In the budding phase the average number of pests on the plants of varieties exceeded the threshold of harmfulness (4–5 ind./plant) with subsequent growth up to 8–9 ind./plant in the flowering phase. The introduction of insecticides influenced an increase in the number of flowers by 42/34 pcs/plant and pods (61/33 pcs/plant). Compared to the control (without the use of insecticides), the average increase in seed yield was significant and amounted to 0,49/0,33 t/ha by the use of the drug рroteus, 11% m.d. (application rate – 0,6 l/ha), and 0,56/0,51 t/ha – kalipso 480 SC, KS (norm – 0,3 l/ha). In such variants the seeds were formed with high sowing qualities, in particular, the weight of 1000 seeds was dominated over control by 0.68/0.43 g, which provided a high percentage of germination energy (81–86 and 78–83%) and laboratory germination of seeds (92–95 and 92–94%). At the same time, the profitability of seed production was higher by 23.4% (2019) and 10.4% (2020). With a higher efficiency of сalypso 480 SC, KS and a lower rate of its application (0.3 l/ha), the level of profitability was the highest 75.4% (2019) and 99.1% (2020).