Formation of photosynthetic potential of soybean varieties in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe

Abstract

The productivity of agricultural crops directly depends on the intensity of photosynthesis processes. The photosynthetic activity of crops is closely related to the leaf surface area, because its size and duration of functioning determine the amount of absorption of solar radiation. For effective use of solar energy, it is necessary for plants to form the optimal leaf surface area and be in an active state for as long as possible. The formation of the assimilation apparatus is influenced by both soil and climatic conditions and the applied elements of cultivation technology. The article presents the results of studies of the influence of agrotechnical measures on the formation of indicators of the leaf surface area of soybean crops, leaf index and net photosynthesis productivity. The effectiveness of soybean inoculation with the biological preparation Histik, pre-sowing treatment of seeds with the mycorrhizal preparation Mycofriend and foliar feeding with StimOrganic was determined. Based on the observations and records, it was established that in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe, on gray forestal superficially gleyed soils, the studied preparations significantly affected the dynamics of the leaf surface area, leaf index and net photosynthesis productivity. The maximum leaf surface area of the varieties: Titan ‒ 53.19 thousand m²/ha, Mozart ‒ 70.22 thousand m²/ha, net photosynthesis productivity (respectively 5.77 and 6.85 g/m² of dry matter per day) was formed on the variants of the experiment, where seed inoculation with the biological preparation Histik, pre-sowing treatment with the preparation Mycofriend and foliar feeding with StimOrganic were carried out on the background of the application of mineral fertilizers N₃₀P₆₀K₉₀. The leaf surface index in the specified variant in the Titan variety was 5.32, in the Mozart variety ‒ 7.02.