Використання конюшини лучної в сільськогосподарських системах для вирішення сучасних викликів
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32636/01308521.2024-(75)-2-1Ключові слова:
конюшина лучна, травостої, бобові, вплив на довкілля, кормиАнотація
Конюшина лучна є цінною бобовою багаторічною культурою і вважається одним з найкращих попередників для багатьох сільськогосподарських культур незалежно від способу використання. У цій роботі узагальнено останні наукові розробки, пов'язані з вирощуванням конюшини лучної як покривної, кормової та біоенергетичної культури, а також проаналізовано способи її використання. Конюшина є глобально значущою культурою, оскільки вирощується на всіх континентах. Дослідження щодо використання конюшини лучної в сівозмінах мають альтернативний та інноваційний характер, особливо з огляду на сучасні умови потепління, які сприятимуть інтенсифікації процесів міграції карбонатів материнських порід. Конюшина лучна в основному використовується як корм для худоби (згодовується практично всім видам тварин і птахів у різних формах: сіно, силос, сінаж, гранульоване трав'яне борошно тощо). Її врожайність може досягати 50–87 т/га зеленої маси або 10–15 т/га сухої речовини, а в ґрунті вона накопичує до 500 кг/га азоту, що покращує його родючість. Використання трав'янистої біомаси конюшини лучної, особливо якщо вона є надлишковою для використання у тваринництві або для виробництва біоенергії, є альтернативним способом використання цієї сільськогосподарської культури. Перспективним напрямком подальших досліджень може бути порівняння ефективності вирощування конюшини лучної для використання як покривної культури, кормової та біоенергетичної, з метою розробки комплексної стратегії для повного використання потенціалу конюшини лучної та ефективної інтеграції її в сучасні сільськогосподарські практики.
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