Adaptability and plasticity of winter rye hybrids ‒ the path to a stable harvest in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32636/01308521.2026-(79)-2-7Keywords:
winter rye, hybrids, yield, ecological plasticity, stability, regression coefficient, Si²Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the level of yield, ecological plasticity, stability, as well as morphological and economically valuable traits of winter rye hybrids to identify the most promising genotypes for practical cultivation and use in breeding. Field research was conducted in 2021–2025 in the conditions of the Central Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine in the fields of the Verkhnyatsk Research and Breeding Station of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet of the NAAS of Ukraine. Each year, 37–58 hybrid combinations were studied in a competitive variety test using generally accepted methods. The assessment of adaptability was carried out using the Eberhart–Russell model using the regression coefficient (bi) and the standard deviation (Si²). The conditions of the years differed significantly in hydrothermal indicators, which caused variability in yield. The effect of the year ranged from –1.9 to +0.9, with
2022/2023 being the least favorable. The grain yield of the hybrid combinations during the study period ranged from 5.6 to 11.3 t/ha, with a maximum average yield of 10.2 t/ha. The coefficient of variation was 9.5 %, indicating relatively high yield stability of the best genotypes. Most of the studied hybrids were characterized by high environmental plasticity (bi = 0.90–1.10). The most stable genotypes (Si² ≤ 0.30) were Volonter, Khlibna Nyva, R-5/22, and Amei. The highest average grain yield was obtained from the fertile-based hybrid ‘Khlibna Nyva’
(9.38 t/ha) and the hybrid combinations Volonter (9.26 t/ha) and
D/S-7 (9.16 t/ha). A considerable differentiation among the samples was observed for morphological traits: plant height ranged from 87 to 146 cm, test weight from 598 to 722 g/L, and 1000-kernel weight from 31.1 to 51.4 g. Most hybrids exhibited a moderate to high level of resistance to leaf rust and stem rust. Based on the comprehensive evaluation, the registered hybrid ‘Khlibna Nyva’ and the hybrid combinations Volonter, Amei, M-15, and D/S-7 were identified as the most promising for cultivation under the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine and for further breeding programs.
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