Comparative analysis of changes in properties of light-gray forestal surface-gleyed soil in different crop rotations under long-term anthropogenic influence
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32636/01308521.2023-(73)-1-4Keywords:
light-gray forestal surface-gleyed soil, profile, horizon, structure, fertilizers, liming, propertiesAbstract
To optimize the use of light-gray forestal surface-gleyed soil in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe, reducing acidity, applying organic and mineral fertilizers, which at the same time ensures scientifically based farming, remain priorities. The intensive management of agriculture in Ukraine transforms the main properties and regimes of soils. However, today, the spontaneous signs of the transformational development of soils and the formation of their fertility must be contrasted with a scientifically based system of management of these processes.
The research concerns the comparative assessment of changes in the agrochemical properties of the light-gray forestal surface-gleyed soil over the 25-year period of its use in the system of intensive agriculture (end IV rotation of seven-field crop rotation and end of IX rotation of four-field crop rotation).
Long-term use of different fertilising systems and periodic liming of light-gray forestal surface-gleyed soil in both 4th and 9th crop rotations showed a significant predominance of very fine 0.25–1.0 mm soil aggregates over coarse 5–
10 mm units in a stationary experiment. Under the organo-mineral system of fertilisation and periodic liming with 1,0 n CaCO3 by hydrolytic acidity at the end of the 9th rotation, the content of coarse aggregates is almost eight times more than the very fine and medium 0.25–3.0 mm aggregates. Also, there is almost the same ratio of the very fine fraction over the coarse fraction under this fertilising system. In control (without fertilisers) and when applying the mineral fertilisers, the content of 0.25–1.0 mm fraction noticeably increases, which indicates a deterioration of the water-resistance of the structure.
The results of the research showed that the replacement of forest cenoses with agrocenoses had a positive effect on the acid-base properties of light-gray forestal surface-gleyed soil. Over a long-term 25-year period of application of one norm of mineral fertilisers (N65Р68K68) and 10 t/ha of manure on the background of 1,0 n CaCO3, the рНKCl is slightly acidic (5.18–5.51) in both rotations. The hydrolytic acidity in both rotations, in contrast to the control, ranges from low to medium with maximum values in the middle part of the profile. Accumulation of humus content is observed only in the upper soil layers in both rotations under control and with different fertilising systems. Below horizons are humus-free
(<1 %).
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