Formation of productivity of oil flax varieties in the conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe

Abstract

Modern varieties of oil flax have a high genetic potential for productivity, which can be realized by improving the elements of cultivation technology, in particular, improving the fertilization system, which makes the research relevant. The aim of work was to establish the parameters of the formation of yield and seed quality of new varieties of curly flax and short-stem flax in the soil and climatic conditions of the Forest-Steppe of the Western Carpathian region. The following methods were used: field, laboratory (to determine the quality indicators of seeds), and statistical (to assess the reliability of the data). Field studies were conducted during 2021–2024 on gray forestal surface-gleyed soils. Varieties of two ecotypes were studied. The Steppe ecotype: Pivdenna nich, Vodohrai, Zhyvynka, Zaporizkyi bohatyr, and Forest-Steppe ecotype (Aquamaryn, Pivnichna zirka, Evryka, Blakytno-pomaranchevyi, Antant) on four fertilizer backgrounds: without fertilizers (control), N₄₅P₃₀K₃₀, N₆₀P₄₅K₄₅, N₉₀P₆₀K₆₀. It was found that the grain yield and quality indicators of the studied varieties of oilseed flax and short-stem flax changed depending on the dose of mineral fertilizers and varietal characteristics. The highest seed yield indicators were obtained on the background of N₆₀P₄₅K₄₅ and N₉₀P₆₀K₆₀ fertilizers in the varieties: Zhyvynka (1.69‒1.83 t/ha), Vodohrai (1.64‒1.75 t/ha), Antant
(1.64‒1.73 t/ha), Pivnichna zirka (1.65‒1.75 t/ha). As a result of the action of mineral fertilizers, an increase in the number of boxes per plant was noted. The maximum results in terms of structural indicators and yield were obtained in the Zhyvynka variety on the background of N₉₀P₆₀K₆₀ fertilizer.